Biological Nitrogen Fixation for Sustainable Agriculture: Extended Versions of Papers Presented in the Symposium, Role of Biological Nitrogen Fixation in Sustainable Agriculture at the 13th Congress of Soil Science, Kyoto, Japan, 1990J.K. Ladha, T. George, Behzad Ben Bohlool Int. Rice Res. Inst., 1992 M05 31 - 209 páginas Chemical fertilizers have had a significant impact on food production in the recent past, and are today an indispensable part of modern agriculture. On the other hand, the oil crisis of the 1970s and the current Middle East problems are constant reminders of the vulnerability of our fossil fuel dependent agriculture. There are vast areas of the developing world where N fertilizers are neither available nor affordable and, in most of these countries, balance of payment problems have resulted in the removal of N fertilizer subsidies. The external costs of environmental degradation and human health far exceed economic concerns. Input efficiency of N fertilizer is one of the lowest and, in turn, contributes substantially to environmental pollution. Nitrate in ground and surface waters and the threat to the stability of the ozone layer from gaseous oxides of nitrogen are major health and environmental concerns. The removal of large quantities of crop produce from the land also depletes soil of its native N reserves. Another concern is the decline in crop yields under continuous use of N fertilizers. These economic, environmental and production considerations dictate that biological alternatives which can augment, and in some cases replace, N fertilizers must be exploited. Long-term sustainability of agricultural systems must rely on the use and effective management of internal resources. The process of biological nitrogen fixation offers and economically attractive and ecologically sound means of reducing external nitrogen input and improving the quality and quantity of internal resources. In this book, we outline sustainability issues that dictate an increased use of biological nitrogen fixation and the constraints on its optimal use in agriculture. |
Otras ediciones - Ver todas
Biological Nitrogen Fixation for Sustainable Agriculture: Extended versions ... J.K. Ladha,T. George,C. Bohlool Vista previa limitada - 2013 |
Biological Nitrogen Fixation for Sustainable Agriculture: Extended versions ... J.K. Ladha,T. George,C. Bohlool Sin vista previa disponible - 2010 |
Biological Nitrogen Fixation for Sustainable Agriculture J. K. Ladha,T. George,C. Bohlool Sin vista previa disponible - 2014 |
Términos y frases comunes
acetylene reduction Agric agriculture Agron applied associated Azolla Azospirillum bacteria bean Bergersen Biochem biological nitrogen fixation Boddey Bohlool Bradyrhizobium Bradyrhizobium japonicum C₂H₂ cereal competition component crops cowpea Crop Sci cropping systems cultivars cyanobacteria Danso diazotrophs dinitrogen Dommergues ecosystems effect environmental factors fertilizer fixed flooded forage Frankia genetic genotypes grain legumes grass green manure grown growth ha¯¹ Herridge D F increase indigenous inoculation intercrop japonicum kg N ha¹ Ladha J K Ledgard legumes leucocephala lowland rice maize method Microbiol mineral mixed cropping mutants N₂ fixation N₂-fixing Ndfa NFTs nitrate nitrogen-15 nitrogen-fixing nitrogenase non-legumes nutrient Ofori para-nodules pasture Philippines Plant and Soil potential production reduced reference plant Rerkasem residues rhizobia Rhizobium rhizosphere Rice Research rice soils root rostrata Sanginga season Sesbania Soil Biol soil nitrogen Soil Sci sorghum soybean species strains studies symbiosis symbiotic Table tion trees tropical uptake Watanabe wetland rice wheat white clover yield