The Physiology of Plants Under Stress: Soil and biotic factors

ABA levels abscisic acid abscission acclimation accumulation activity adaptation aerenchyma anaerobic anaerobic respiration apoplastic atmosphere auxin C=C production canopy carbon gain cause cell wall changes chloroplast CO₂ concentration crop Cytokinin decrease diffusion drought effects energy environment environmental enzymes Ethylene factors Figure flooding freezing function gene genetic heat high light hormones impact increase induced inhibition interaction irradiance isotope leaf leaf temperature leaves light intensity lipids low-light measure mechanisms membrane mesophyll metabolic molecular molecules monoterpenes nitrogen nutrient occur organs osmotic potential oxygen pathway photosynthesis physiological phytochrome phytohormones plant stress physiology plasmid processes proteins radiation ratio reduced regulation relationship relative resource respiration response result roots rubisco salinity sensitive shoot soil solution species stems stomatal stomatal conductance stress tolerance stressors studies sun flecks surface symplastic synthesis technique thermal tion tissue water transpiration transport turgor pressure water limitation water potential water stress wetland xylem