The Nutrient Requirements of Ruminant Livestock: Technical Review, Tema 2

absorption acid adequate allowances amount animals apparent assumed Blaxter body breeds calcium calculated calf calves castrates cattle changes coefficient composition concentration containing copper cows daily dairy deficiency degradability derived diet dietary digested dry matter edition effects efficiency empty-body endogenous equation estimates et al evidence ewes experiments factors faecal feed g/day g/kg gain given grass growing growth higher included increase intake iodine iron lactating lambs less live weight liver loss lower magnesium maintenance meal mean measured metabolizable energy mg/kg milk milk yield normal observations obtained phosphorus pregnancy present production protein range ration RDP UDP RDP receiving reduced Reference regression reported requirements retention retinol rickets rumen ruminants selenium sheep showed silage similar sodium sources studies suggested supplementation Table tissue trials utilization values vitamin weeks weight gain weight kg zinc