Wood Machining Processes

approximately band saws bark belt cells chain chip formation chip thickness chipper circular saws clearance angle coated abrasives compression cutter cutterhead cutting circle cutting edge cutting plane cutting power cutting velocity Data defibrating degrees depth of cut disc Douglas-fir down-milling drum eastern white pine effect factors failure feed per tooth feed speed fibers Figure gang saw Garnet gauge grain gullet hardwoods horsepower illustrated in Fig inches increased infeed jointed kerf knife lathe length machine maximum mill mortise motor nosebar number of knives orthogonal cutting oven-dry parallel cutting force parallel tool force percent moisture content perpendicular Photograph courtesy plate pounds produce pulp rake angle range ripsaws rolls rotating sander sanding saturated shape shown in Fig softwoods species specific gravity spring-set sugar pine swage-set swaged Table tenon tension Test top bevel tracheid Type II chip up-milling veneer wood workpiece yellow birch